Author(s):

Kituyi Christine Nasimiyu, Ndeti Cosmas Muia, Maina Geoffrey, Mong’are Samuel, Ingonga Johnstone, Nyambati Venny, Anjili Christopher Omukhango

Abstract: Allium sativum andrnAloe secundiflora water extracts have antileishmanial activities. In thernpresent study, the efficacy of combination therapy using A. sativum andrnA. secundiflora against L. major was studied bothrnintraperitoneally and orally. The standard drug pentostam and phosphaternbuffered saline were used as positive and negative controls. T-test and ANOVArnwere used for data analysis and P-value of < 0.05 was consideredrnsignificant. Plant materials were dried, ground soaked in water at 80 ^oCrnfor 1 hour, filtered then freeze dried. The minimum inhibitory concentrationsrnof aqueous extracts of A. secundiflora and A. sativum were 2000rnμg/ml and 5000 μg/ml and IC₅₀ were 467.09μg/ml andrn457.88μg/ml respectively. The IC₅₀ for their combination atrnratio (1:1) was 391.79 μg/ml as compared to minimum inhibitoryrnconcentrations of 12.5μg/ml and IC₅₀ of 108.58μg/ml forrnpentostam. The combination therapy had Infection rate of 17% and multiplicationrnindex of 48.65% compared to pentostam (IR=21% and MI=11.64%). The combinationrntherapy reduced the footpad lesion size significantly (P<0.05) likernthe pentostam control drug and no significant nitric oxide stimulated. The oralrnand intraperitoneal combination treatment reduced spleen amastigotes in mice byrn55.48% and 64.13% corresponding to total LDUs of 18.23±0.90and 14.69±1.33rnrespectively compared to pentostam 94.58% and LDU of 2.22±0.13. The combinationrntherapy was less toxic, effective against L. major parasite, reducedrnlesion size significantly, reduced spleen parasite load significantly but didrnnot prevent visceralization.

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