Zainab Qassim Mohammed Hilo

This study provides a critical epidemiological analysis of Entamoeba histolytica infections in Babylon Governorate, Iraq, from 2021 to 2024, explicitly investigating the role of climate change as a key driver of transmission dynamics. By analyzing comprehensive health laboratory records, we documented a concerning surge in infection rates, with notable peaks in 2021 and 2024. Our findings reveal a disturbing vulnerability among children under five, who constituted over half of all cases (53.03%), and pinpoint rural areas with compromised sanitation infrastructure as hotspots for the disease. Statistical analysis further exposed a strong correlation between seasonal temperature increases and infection spikes, with the highest case load (23 cases, 17.42%) occurring in May when average temperatures reached 32 °C. This pattern underscores an alarming synergy between rising temperatures, water source contamination, and parasitic proliferation. Crucially, our data indicate that current prevalence rates exceed historical averages for the region, providing compelling evidence that climate change is not a future threat but a present catalyst for amebiasis in Iraq. This research delivers an urgent call to action, offering vital insights for shaping targeted public health interventions, strengthening water and sanitation systems, and building climate-resilient strategies to safeguard vulnerable populations in Iraq and similar climatic zones.

DOI: 10.22271/23940522.2025.v12.i6a.1142

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