Nitu Sahu and Rashmi

Concerns about fertiliser contamination's serious hazards to human health and the environment have recently drawn attention from all over the world. It is well known that high concentrations of diammonium phosphate and single superphosphate (SSP) can have detrimental physiological effects on fish and other aquatic life exposed to fertilisers. At present, there is a lack of research concentrating on the effects of fertilisers on the antioxidant enzyme responses in fish blood, as well as their immune function and changes to the erythron profile. This study aimed to assess the immediate sub-lethal effects of single superphosphate (SSP) on the blood antioxidant response, immune status, and erythron profile in the freshwater model organism Channa striata. The results indicated that exposure to fertilisers containing single superphosphate (SSP) adversely impacts blood biochemical indicators and behavioural patterns in Channa striata. As exposure duration increased, both acute and chronic exposure groups exhibited heightened levels of glucose, urea, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), creatinine, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Simultaneously, there was a noteworthy decline in haematocrit (HCT), red blood cell (RBC) counts, haemoglobin (HGB) levels, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red cell distribution width (RDW). In contrast, platelet and white blood cell (WBC) counts increased. This study underscores both acute and chronic toxicity of single superphosphate (SSP) in Channa striata, likely due to modifications in blood and metabolic parameters. The research demonstrated that single superphosphate (SSP) significantly influences the haematology and biochemistry of fish. Overall, this study improves our understanding of the harmful effects of single superphosphate (SSP) on fish, showing that the examined characteristics are sensitive to toxic substances and can be used to anticipate toxicological effects.

DOI: 10.22271/23940522.2025.v12.i6a.1143

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